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Simulation of dose distribution irradiation
Večeřa, Petr ; Hlaváč, Martin (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This project deals with the issue of simulation of dose irradiation. This principle is used in a radiotherapeutic device known as a Leksell Gamma Knife for the treatment of intracranial tumours. With regard to the theoretical observations obtained by studying this device, the project suggests the use of analytical geometry for the creation of a mathematical model for calculation of the intensity in the rayed area. A demonstration program Leksell_xvecer08 has been created for this model in a MatLab software background, which enables the user to change various input arguments and simulate a picture of the dosage spread in the target scanned areas.
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Stereotactic body raditherapy (SBRT)
REICHLOVÁ, Kristýna
The topic of this bachelor thesis is stereotactic body radiotherapy. SBRT is one of the most modern methods of treating localized tumor lesions. High doses of ionizing radiation and a small number of irradiated fractions are used when it is applicated. It can be implemented on specialized irradiation devices, e.g., on modern linear accelerators (Tomotherapy, True Beam) or on a cybernetic linear accelerator (Cyberknife). It is a non-invasive, short-term and very effective treatment replacing surgery. Intensive image verification of the target volume is necessary for its application, either in form of active monitoring of tumor movement during irradiation, using 4D radiotherapy methods or CT verification. The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part describes mainly selected facts about ionizing radiation, processes taking place in irradiated tissue, presents the SBRT method, its principles, indications for extracranial stereotaxy, instrumentation, fixation aids and possible side effects and complications of this treatment. The main part of the practical part was to find out the level of awareness of radiological assistants about the principles, variants of indications of extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy. It is implemented in the form of a questionnaire which was filled in by a total of 79 respondents and the results showed that the level of awareness of radiological assistants actively practicing this profession is very good. The second goal of the practical part was to answer the question why the method of extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy is not used more often based on the study of literature. This is due to the lower number of devices on which this irradiation can be performed but also to the condition of a small or medium extent of the disease and partly time-consuming of this technique. Stereotactic body radiotherapy is the most accurate telotherapeutic method of irradiation in oncology. With its non-invasive, patient comfort, excellent application accuracy and very good results it forms the future of radiation therapy.
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Simulation of dose distribution irradiation
Večeřa, Petr ; Hlaváč, Martin (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This project deals with the issue of simulation of dose irradiation. This principle is used in a radiotherapeutic device known as a Leksell Gamma Knife for the treatment of intracranial tumours. With regard to the theoretical observations obtained by studying this device, the project suggests the use of analytical geometry for the creation of a mathematical model for calculation of the intensity in the rayed area. A demonstration program Leksell_xvecer08 has been created for this model in a MatLab software background, which enables the user to change various input arguments and simulate a picture of the dosage spread in the target scanned areas.
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IntactTM BLES (breast lesion excision system) and the radiology assistant role in the introducing new instruments into the practice
NEDVĚDOVÁ, Michaela
The Intact BLES (Breast Lesion Excision System) system is a new radiological method belonging to the area of radiological intervention on the female mammary gland generally called mammotome. These performances in radiology belong to the most modern and their development has been observed during the last 10 years. Mammotome primary task is to obtain larger representative tissue samples from suspicious location in the breast while there are 15 tissue samples taken in average. After about 10 years we proceed from this type of repeated simple mechanical tissue removal, even in the presence of vacuum, to a new mammotome method. This is a simple one-time tissue removal using radiofrequency energy. Also this process uses a vacuum, although in this case vacuum is only used for gases and liquids extraction from the location immediately adjacent to the sampling area and thereby to retain the correct parameters during cauterization. Compared to the older type of performance that takes a much shorter time and is much better tolerated by patients. But the greatest advantage of this method is the possibility to capture the whole breast lesion up to diameter 2 cm bearing size. Bachelor thesis contain a detailed description of the new methods and radiology assistant tasks, breast interventions statistical data from the archive MOÚ (Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute) and also data from the regular interventional breast examinations, which are a common radiology assistant work. Drawing up these bachelor thesis there were also Czech and foreign literature resources, scientific publications and magazines including Internet sources used. I was looking up for primarily technical specifics and partly physical laws relating to the new device IntactTM BLES. The study included women examined in Brno Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute in the period of February 2012 - July 2012, which were diagnosed suspicious discovery with subsequent recommendations for its mammotome removal.
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Methods of biopsy in mammar diagnostic under X-ray control
KUČEROVÁ, Hana
In the recent years, the issue of malignant female disease, breast cancer, has been increasingly discussed. On top of biological behaviour, the prognosis of the disease depends manly on early diagnosis. The targeted biopsy of the tissue, under visualisation methods control, opens new opportunities compared to the earlier pre-operation biopsies guided by mere guessing and palpation. There is a decrease in the number of open biopsies and unnecessary surgeries of the breast gland. Locating and biopsy of a suspicious lesion may be done via mammography or ultrasound. The most common method of mammography nowadays is digital stereotaxis, the most recent used method is vacuum biopsy. Locating suspicious lesion via mammography is particurarly used for micro-caltifications, which can be visualised only via mammography. The constant development and improvement of biopsy methods of biological material in mammal diagnostics leads to the withdrawal of abundantly used methods earlier and also undoubtedly to the development of new ones. Our aim is to offer the client perfect breast gland care!
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